There was a forum going for awhile about how some days tone appears better or worse. I thought it might be helpful to flutists out there to give ideas to one another about how we all work on our tone.
Here`s mine:
#1 - Moyse De La Sonorite! The Bible of Tone Production! Long tones are the foundation for improving tone. My approach is somewhat different that others, but has really helped: Playing the 2 notes (Chromatically first - B-A#) as long as the breath lasts, start mf going to fff if you can, and decrescendo to nothing, "musical air and fingers" (meaning NO percussion accompaniment to your playing). Doing the huge dynamic change really works your lips. I repeat the exercise over and over, everything must be perfect, until I move on to A#-A, etc. Everything you need to know about making music is present in the long tone exercise: clear articulation of first note, smooth air and fingers, energy towards the 2nd note, control of pitch/dynamics. Trevor Wye`s book on tone is also fabulous (also explaining harmonics), as is Robert Dick`s book that uses Extended Techniques to improve tone. To see improvement, long tones must be practiced at least 15 minutes a day.
#2 - Harmonics and lots of them! Hearing the "bass" in the sound opens up your ears (and your throat) to better tone colors in your sound. Instead of being like a "laser" (quotes a la Dr. Evil
, it turns your tone into a more beautiful, rich, open sound.
#3 - You must relax ALL your muscles to get a good, open sound. Try playing Eb3 into a tuner, as loud as you can, then just RELAX! Watch what happens to the pitch! The higher we play, the tighter we seem to get. The simple act of relaxing all your muscles in your body changes everything.
#4 - "Humming" while playing. If I have a musical line that just doesn`t sound good, I hum (any pitch, or if I can, one in the key of the music) and play at the same time. It seems to help open my throat, and the next, without humming, seems much improved!
And finally, I try to use "warm" air - the warmer your air, the warmer the sound. I play on a gold flute, and it requires the air to "spin" a little more and takes longer to "warm up" the flute. Ever notice how after playing for a few hours, suddenly you realize how much better your tone is!
So I guess the key is to keep the flute up to your lips as often as possible, so your lips muscles develop muscle memory. Then, it`s much easier to get the the "magic" embouchure that produces the best sound!