I play lead trumpet in a band playing afrobeat, disco-funk, and basically live house and club music. Does anybody have any suggestions for getting some unusual sounds out of the trumpet using effect such as reverb, or effects pedals?

Is it possible to just put the trumpet through a guitar pedal, ie a chorus ?

yes, just plug in your trumpet to the amp or pedal through the socket on the bell, hope this helps! And if not, just flip the switch on the leadpipe!

try the silent trumpet system (yamaha?) and instead of headphones run it into a guitar pedal. Might be interesting to see if you could get some feedback coming out of it also.